Basics of Earth System
Basics of Earth System Earth’s structures are made from the strong Earth (or lithosphere), its watery and gaseous envelopes (the hydrosphere and ecosystem, respectively), and existence (the biosphere), every of which has developed and interacted continuously at some point of geologic time. This interaction takes place at or near the Earth’s surface, and the energy required is an aggregate of Earth’s inner warmth and radiant energy from the Sun. The Earth's lithosphere is divided into interconnected slabs, or plates, that drift over a vulnerable layer of the upper mantle. As these plates move against each other they cause earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Over time they were able to create and destroy the most visible works on Earth, including oceans and mountains. Although the exact mechanism of plate tectonics is unclear, it seems to be directly or indirectly related to the drifting of heat in the Earth's mantle, which causes convect